Anyone can become mentally literate, and if you enjoy reading, then the books Use Your Head by Tony Buzan and Accelerated Learning by Colin Rose are excellent starting points. If you prefer to learn by doing, there are many excellent workshops available on memory and learning. Some basic concepts which will help you on your journey are Learning Cycles, Learning Styles, Mind (Brain) States, Learning Rhythms, Multiple cerebrumiq Intelligences, Competence Model, Brain Architecture, and Mind Mapping®.
Each «intelligence» can be thought of as a separate «microprocessor» inside our head. The phenomenon of true «genius» appears to come when many of these intelligences are well developed and used simultaneously. Part of the accelerated learning model is that information in a study session is presented in ways which address as many of the «intelligences» as possible. This not only makes retention and recall of information easier (there are many more «hooks» from which to get the information back out again) but it is continuously improving each intelligence skill. Those who want to know more should refer to Tony Buzan’s book «Use your Head». When you receive information from a typical spoken lecture, do you know how much and what information you recall during the lecture, at the end of the lecture and days or weeks afterwards?
That means around 1 in every 100 people in the UK has seizures or needs epilepsy medicines. In our public assessment reports, we discuss evidence-based reviews of safety issues linked with a particular medicine or group of medicines. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is the government agency responsible for regulating medicines and medical devices in the UK and ensuring their safety, quality and effectiveness. We continually review the safety of all medicines in the UK and inform healthcare professionals and the public of the latest updates.
Methods of Psychology Unit: PPTs, Guided Notes, Worksheets, Kahoot Review, Test + Google Apps Versio
These can have different causes, including a person’s genetics, a structural change in the brain, or as a result of other health conditions. The Triune Brain We have three-brains-in-one which represents an evolutionary inheritance. This controls our basic instincts – breathing, heart rate, sense of territory. This controls our emotions, sexuality, sleep and immune system, and plays an important role in long term memory. This comprises a two-sided cerebrum the so-called left and right brain linked by a massive bundle of nerves, the corpus callosum, comprising some 200 million fibres.
Non-clinical studies
The following report discusses our review of the non-clinical and clinical data relating to the safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. A study in the nationwide Swedish Medical birth register (Margulis et al 2019) reported on the outcomes for 562 pregabalin exposed infants compared to those exposed to lamotrigine. However, it is considered there is a strong possibility that residual confounding may have had an effect on the pregabalin analyses given the distinct profile of pregabalin users (younger, less well-educated and more likely to be obese or smokers). Non-clinical studies report on neurobehavioral effects in the offspring of rats given pregabalin during gestation and lactation but at doses which generated plasma concentrations higher than human therapeutic doses. Non-clinical studies also suggest that neurobehavioural effects can occur following dosing of juvenile rats at doses relevant to human therapeutic doses, however, reversibility has been observed upon discontinuation of dosing. Published scientific literature has reported that phenytoin exposure during pregnancy can induce behavioural abnormalities in animal offspring at plasma concentrations relevant to human therapeutic doses.
Physical birth abnormality
- The available clinical data examining the effect of topiramate on fetal loss are very limited and the findings are inconsistent (Ornoy et al 2008, Trivedi et al 2018, Vajda et al 2018, Veroniki et al 2017a).
- Studies that explore a dose-dependent risk are very limited but where this was studied (Nulman et al 1997, Samren et al 1997, Kaneko et al 1999, Kaaja 2003, Hernandez-Diaz et al 2012) the data do not consistently show an association between dose and risk of major congenital malformations.
- It’s important because it means that organisms don’t waste time and energy by responding to stimuli that do not pose a danger to them.
- Depression is a mood disorder which is thought to be caused, in part, by a lack of serotonin in the brain.
- Such registers support the monitoring of the health of pregnant women and their offspring and are used for research purposes.
- However, the numbers exposed in each of these studies and the total overall numbers of exposed pregnancies (around 600 first trimester exposed pregnancies) remains relatively low and do not allow robust conclusions to be drawn.
During the critical period, synapses that receive visual stimulation and pass on action potentials into the visual cortex are retained and strengthened. Synapses that do not receive visual stimulation, so the neurones between them are not firing, are removed. This means that if visual stimulation does not occur during the critical period (i.e. if a baby is born with cataracts which obscure vision or if they are born in a cave) then their visual cortex will not develop properly because many of the synapses will have been destroyed. Evidence for a ‘critical period’ comes from some ethically-dubious experiments on kittens (see below). The visual cortex is a region at the back of our brains and forms part of the cerebral cortex. Neurones in the visual cortex receive information from either our right or left eye and are clustered together in structures called ocular dominance columns.
Overall, the available data do not allow for robust conclusions to be drawn on the safety of use during pregnancy of brivaracetam, clobazam, clonazepam, eslicarbazepine, ethosuximide, lacosamide, rufinamide, perampanel, primidone, tiagabine and vigabatrin. The risks of major congenital malformations, neurodevelopmental disorders and delay, and other reproductive toxic effects remain uncertain; the possibility of adverse effects can neither be confirmed nor ruled out. Overall, the available clinical data do not indicate a negative impact of lamotrigine on these outcomes. For the majority of these drugs the data relating to safety of use during pregnancy remains limited or very limited. For perampanel, primidone and vigabatrin there are data on less than 300 exposed pregnancies and for brivaracetam, eslicarbazepine, ethosuximide, lacosamide, rufinamide, and tiagabine there are data on less than 100 exposed pregnancies.